Djeba



Temple Map

This perfect place, the nome of Horus-Ra (Edfu), is his horizon on earth, is the House of Appearance of His Majesty (Horus of Edfu), is the Great Throne of his Ka, on which he appears (in the morning) and sets (in the evening), is the Shrine that Protects Khepry of the quickly born (sun-)child, is the place at which his body has been nourished since the First Beginning, is the Chamber (djerit) of the Falcon (djerty), is the Ruler's House of the ruler, is the Tomb of the Falcon with the Dappled Plumage (Horus), is the Great Place of the greatest of the gods, is the House of the Strong One of Horus, the strong bull, is the Palace of the Revenger (Horus), who drives the hot-headed (enemies) from the land, is the Place of Stabbing of the one who stabs the Wamemti Serpent (Apophis), is the Horizon of Eternity and Primeval Hill of the horizon god (Horus), is the Shrine of the divine Winged Disk (Apy).

His Majesty (Horus) shines daily, high in the heavens, after he has illuminated the Two Lands (Egypt) with his beauty. When Behdety has come down from heaven, he, the Lord of the Gods, enters his palace, where he is received with hymns of praise by the divine Ennead. All those who live in Mesen (Edfu) rejoice. He sees that Ma'at is lit up in Edfu as Hathor, the Great One and Mistress of Dendera, and that her handsome son, Her-sema-tawy, beloved of all, has taken his place beside her. When he has recognized that perfection flourishes in his temple and that all the cult therein is according to rule, his heart rejoices. After he has become united with his statue, he praises Ra because of his beloved city. There is jubilation in heaven and rejoicing on earth. The Banks of Horus (Egypt) are in festive mood and the Throne of Horus (Edfu) is in festive joy.

The House of the Falcon rejoices after Horus-Ra has united with the Golden One, the Mistress of Dendera, after the king and the queen have come together while their son sits at their side as king of Upper and Lower Egypt, these, who are the Enduring Ones of Edfu, the kings of egypt, the Kas of Egypt, who keep the Two Lands of Egypt alive.

After Horus Behdety, the great God and Lord of Heaven, with the Dappled Plumage, who comes forth from the horizon, the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, has seen the Enclosure wall that surrounds his temple as the horizon surrounds the sun-disk, the superb building of which there is no equal, constructed for him by the King of Upper and Lower Egypt The Heir of Euergetes II (Ptolemy X), he praises his beloved son for his work and gives him all that is encompassed by his sun-disk when he has appeared as king of Upper and Lower Egypt on the throne of Horus as the first of the living Kas, forever.

The magnificent Apy revealed himself in heaven as behdety, the great God and Lord of Heaven, and made his way to his nome (Edfu). He foudn his shrine pleasant and took his place on his throne. He looked at this perfect work, constructed for him by his beloved heir, the King of Upper and Lower Egypt The Heir of Euergetes II, the Son of Ra Ptolemy X Alexander I, beloved of Horus Behdety, the Great God and Lord of Heaven, with the Dappled Plumage, who comes forth from heaven as Ra-Herakhty to his Geat Seat. He looked at this perfect and splendid monument in Mesen, the like of which had never been constructed since the time of the primeval gods, this great wonder without precedent and never there since the time of the gods, this magnificent construction without equal among the temples of Egypt.

- The Great Building Inscription of the edfu Temple Translated by Dieter Kurth

About the Temple



The physical temple of Horus at Edfu is the site of one of the oldest places of the worship of Hr-wr. (Horus the Elder) Edfu sits on the earlier town named Wetjeset-Her (The-Place-where-Horus-is-extolled). A very prosperous town, due to its proximity to routes to nearby gold mines in the Eastern Desert.

The town had both a sacred name and a secular name. Its sacred name being Behdet meaning 'great seat' or 'throne'. Its secular name was Djeba, meaning 'Place of Retribution', alluding to its mythology as the place where the enemies of Ra were brought to justice. By coptic times the town Djeba was pronounced Etbo, and were it became the Arabic Edfu.

The earliest stone temple is attested to being designed by Imhotep, Vizier and chief architect to Djoser (c. 2600 bce.) and a woman named Kheredw-ankh. Little is known of that temple, except that it was dedicated to the triad of Horus-Behdety, his consort Hathor of Dendera, and their son Her-sema-tawy (Horus, uniter of the two lands).

Over the millennia, several Pharaohs contributed to the building of the Temple, including Sety I (1294-1279 bce), Rameses II (1279-1213 bce), Rameses III (1184-1153 bce) and Nactanebo II (360-343 bce). Most of what stands today is attributed to the massive temple building of Ptolemy III Euegetes II (246-222 bce).

Work on the Ptolemaic temple began in 237 bce. Formal dedication of the inner naos of the temple was performed by Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II and his wife Cleopatra II on September 10 142 bce. Work continued, with greater additions added by the succeeding Pharaohs, and in 57 bce the pylon doors were hung and the temple completed.

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